Here is a list of scientific papers, organized by topic, that have further information on our research topics:

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROUND SQUIRRELS AND RATTLESNAKES

Biardi JE, Chien DC, Coss RG, 2006. California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) defenses against rattlesnake venom digestive and hemostatic toxins. Journal of Chemical Ecology 32:137-154.

Coss RG, 1993. Evolutionary persistence of ground squirrel antisnake behavior - reflections. Ecol Psychol 5:171-194

Coss RG, Guse KL, Poran NS, Smith DG, 1993. Development of antisnake defenses in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beechyi): II. Microevolutionary effects of relaxed selection from rattlesnakes. Behaviour 124:137-164.

Coss RG, Owings DH, 1978. Snake-directed behavior by snake naive and experienced California ground squirrels in a simulated burrow. Zeitschrift Fur Tierpsychologie 48:421-435.

Goldthwaite RO, Coss RG, Owings DH, 1990. Evolutionary dissipation of an antisnake system:  differential behavior by California and arctic ground squirrels in aboveground and belowground contexts. Behaviour 112:246-269.

Hennessy DF, Owings DH, 1978. Snake species discrimination and role of olfactory cues in snake-directed behavior of California ground squirrels. Behaviour 65:115-124.

Hennessy DF, Owings DH, 1988. Rattlesnakes create a context for localizing their search for potential prey. Ethology 77:317-329.

Hennessy DF, Owings DH, Rowe MP, Coss RG, Leger DW, 1981. The information afforded by a variable signal - constraints on snake-elicited tail flagging by California ground squirrels. Behaviour 78:188-226.

Hersek MJ, Owings DH, 1993. Tail flagging by adult California ground squirrels:  a tonic signal that serves different functions for males and females. Animal Behaviour 46:129-138.

Owings DH, Borchert M, Virginia R, 1977. Behavior of California ground squirrels. Animal Behaviour 25:221-230.

Owings DH, Coss RG, 1977. Snake mobbing by California ground squirrels: adaptive variation and ontogeny. Behaviour 62:50-69.

Owings DH, Coss RG, 2008. Hunting California ground squirrels:  constraints and opportuniteis for northern pacific rattlesnakes. In: Biology of the Rattlesnakes (Hayes WK, Beaman KR, Cardwell MD, Bush SP, eds). Loma Linda, CA: Loma Linda University Press.

Owings DH, Coss RG, 2009. Hunting California ground squirrels:  constraints and opportuniteis for northern pacific rattlesnakes. In: Biology of the Rattlesnakes (Hayes WK, Beaman KR, Cardwell MD, Bush SP, eds). Loma Linda, CA: Loma Linda University Press.

Owings DH, Coss RG, McKernon D, Rowe MP, Arrowood PC, 2001. Snake-directed antipredator behavior of rock squirrels (Spermophilus variegatus): Population differences and snake-species discrimination. Behaviour 138:575-595.

Owings DH, Hennessy DF, Leger DW, Gladney AB, 1986. Different functions of alarm calling for different time scales:  a preliminary report on ground squirrels. Behaviour 99:101-116.

Owings DH, Morton ES, 1998. Animal vocal communication:  a new approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Owings DH, Owings SC, 1979. Snake-directed behavior by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Zeitschrift Fur Tierpsychologie 49:35-54.

Poran NS, Coss RG, 1990. Development of antisnake defenses in California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) 1:  behavioral and immunological relationships Behaviour 112:222-245.

Poran NS, Coss RG, Benjamini E, 1987. Resistance of California ground squirrels Spermophilus beecheyi to the venom of the northern pacific rattlesnake Crotalus viridis oreganus:  a study of adaptive variation. Toxicon 25:767-778.

Rundus AS, Owings DH, Joshi SS, Chinn E, Giannini N, 2007. Ground squirrels use an infrared signal to deter rattlesnake predation. PNAS 104:14372-14376.

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN KANGAROO RATS AND RATTLESNAKES

Bouskila A, 1995. Interactions between predation risk and competition - a field study of kangaroo rats and snakes. Ecology 76:165-178.

Randall JA, 1993. Behavioral adaptations of desert rodents (Heteromyidae). Animal Behaviour 45:263-287.

Randall JA, Hatch SM, Hekkala ER, 1995. Interspecific variation in antipredator behavior in sympatric species of kangaroo rat. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36:243-250.

Randall JA, King DKB, 2001. Assessment and defence of solitary kangaroo rats under risk of predation by snakes. Animal Behaviour 61:579-587.

Randall JA, Matocq MD, 1997. Why do kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spectabilis) footdrum at snakes? Behavioral Ecology 8:404-413.

Randall JA, Stevens CM, 1987. Footdrumming and other antipredator responses in the bannertail kangaroo rat (Dipodomys spectabalis). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 20:187-194.

PREDATOR-PREY COMMUNICATION

Caro TM, 1986. The functions of stotting in Thomson gazelles:  some tests of the predictions. Animal Behaviour 34:663-684.

Caro TM, 1994. Ungulate antipredator behavior:  preliminary and comparative data from African bovids. Behaviour 128:189-228.

Caro TM, 1995. Pursuit-deterrence revisited. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10:500-503.

Caro TM, 2005. Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Clark RW, 2005a. Pursuit-deterrent communication between prey animals and timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus): the response of snakes to harassment displays. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 59:258-261.

Fitzgibbon CD, 1989. A cost to individuals with reduced vigilance in groups of Thomsons gazelles hunted by cheetahs. Animal Behaviour 37:508-510.

Fitzgibbon CD, 1994. The costs and benefits of predator inspection behavior in Thomson gazelles. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34:139-148.

Fitzgibbon CD, Fanshawe JH, 1988. Stotting in Thomson gazelles:  an honest signal of condition. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 23:69-74.

Guilford T, Dawkins MS, 1991. Receiver psychology and the evolution of animal signals. Animal Behaviour 42:1-14.

Hebets EA, Papaj DR, 2005. Complex signal function: developing a framework of testable hypotheses. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57:197-214.

Laiolo P, Tella JL, Carrete M, Serrano D, Lopez G, 2004. Distress calls may honestly signal bird quality to predators. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271:S513-S515.

Leal M, 1999. Honest signalling during prey-predator interactions in the lizard Anolis cristatellus. Animal Behaviour 58:521-526.

Leal M, Rodriguezrobles JA, 1995. Antipredator responses of Anolis cristatellus (Sauria, Polychrotidae). Copeia:155-161.

Lima SL, 2002. Putting predators back into behavioral predator-prey interactions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 17:70-75.

Searcy WA, Nowicki S, 2005. The evolution of animal communication. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL, 2003. Signalers and receivers in animal communication. Annu Rev Psychol 54:145-173.

Speed MP, 2000. Warning signals, receiver psychology and predator memory. Animal Behaviour 60:269-278.

Zuberbuhler K, Jenny D, Bshary R, 1999. The predator deterrence function of primate alarm calls. Ethology 105:477-490.

RATTLESNAKE FORAGING BEHAVIOR

Clark RW, 2006a. Fixed videography to study predation behavior of an ambush foraging snake, Crotalus horridus. Copeia 2006:181-187.

Clark RW, 2006b. Post-strike behavior of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) during natural predation events. Ethology 112:1089-1094.

Diller LV, Johnson DR, 1988. Food habits, consumption rates, and predation rates of western rattlesnakes and gopher snakes in southwestern Idaho. Herpetologica 44:228-233.

Duvall D, Chiszar D, Hayes WK, Leonhardt JK, Goode MJ, 1990. Chemical and behavioral ecology of foraging in prairie rattlesnakes. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16:87-102.

Fitch HS, 1949. Study of snake populations in central California. American Midland Naturalist 41:513-579.

Greene HW, 1992. The behavioral and ecological context for pitviper evolution. In: Biology of the Pitvipers (Campbell JA, Brodie Jr. ED, eds). Tyler, TX: Selva; 107-117.

Greene HW, 1997. Snakes:  the evolution of mystery in nature. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Klauber LM, 1972. Rattlesnakes:  their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Reinert HK, Cundall D, Bushar LM, 1984. Foraging behavior of the timber rattlesnake, Crotalus horridus. Copeia 1984:976-981.

BIOROBOTICS

Joshi S, Schank J, Giannini N, Hargreaves L, Bish R, 2004. Development of autonomous robotics technology for the study of rat pups. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. New Orleans, LA; 2860-2864.

Knight J, 2005. When robots go wild. Nature 434:954-955.

Martins El, Ord T, Davenport S, 2005. Combining motions into complex displays: playbacks with a robotic lizard. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 58:351-360.

May CJ, Schank JC, Joshi S, Tran J, Taylor RJ, Scott IE, 2006. Rat pups and random robots generate similar self-organized and intentional behavior. Complexity 12:53-66.

Partan SR, Larco CP, Owens MJ, 2009. Wild tree squirrels respond with multisensory enhancement to conspecific robot alarm behaviour. Animal Behaviour 77:1127-1135.

Patricelli GL, Coleman SW, Borgia G, 2006. Male satin bowerbirds, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus, adjust their display intensity in response to female startling: an experiment with robotic females. Animal Behaviour 71:49-59.

Patricelli GL, Uy JAC, Walsh G, Borgia G, 2002. Sexual selection: Male displays adjusted to female's response. Nature 415:279-280

Schank JC, May CJ, Tran JT, Joshi SS, 2004. A biorobotic investigation of Norway rat pups (Rattus norvegicus) in an arena. Adapt Behav 12:161-173.

Taylor RC, Klein BA, Stein J, Ryan MJ, 2008. Faux frogs: multimodal signalling and the value of robotics in animal behaviour. Animal Behaviour 76:1089-1097.